• aging
• copper biochemistry
• copper chemistry
• fatty liver disease
• heart disease
• infections
• Uncategorized

aging

While decreasing of the length of the telomere caps on our chromosomes is something that happens as our cells divide anyway, oxidative stress speeds up this process. Copper and niacin are required by our oxidative defense enzymes. Naturally telomeres are not the only thing that take a beating as we age, but the requirement for removing reactive oxygen species remains constant.

The superoxide anion is perhaps one of the most infamous of reactive oxygen species that Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase converts to hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). is also considered a reactive oxygen species that can damage thiols. Glutathione reductase (GR) relies on cofactors derived from niacin. All of these defenses help us with this process we call aging.

copper chemistry and biochemistry

We make a lot about cuprous nicotinic acid / BioCu1 / Copper One being in the “+1” oxidation state and more bioavailable. This site makes a case for why we make this statement.

for this process that produces the energy currency of the cell: ATP. Niacin is also a precursor for this electron carrier NADH/NAD⁺. While the copper in copper containing enzymes goes back and forth between the +1 and +2 oxidation state, our bodies absorb copper in the +1 oxidation state. After that, copper is very heavily chaperoned. This site deep dives into the chemistry and biochemistry of this redox active element. We also discuss niacin and the electron carriers derived from niacin!

fatty liver and heart disease

We got into this one when some Amish dairy farmers approached us. They were concerned that their cows were not producing enough milk.

Note the interplay between AMP and ATP, that requires copper replete cytochrome C oxidase, for optimal ATP production. Copper replete cytochrome C oxidase is required for optimal ATP (38) production per molecule of glucose. Glycolysis only yields two ATP per glucose molecule. Without copper replete cytochrome C oxidase, fats are not converted to ATP. Niacin and NADH are very much part of avoiding fatty liver disease. This too is discussed on this site. Occasionally brain health has been categorized as heart health in a sort of cardiovascular way.

infections

If this site is slow, it is because we, like the rest of the world, got carried away during the pandemic. We have a very loyal customer base of patients with chronic and/or Post Treatment Lyme Disease. We are only interested in Long Covid because of the symptom overlap with PTLD.

This image captures a more peer reviewed science explanation why so many of our LD customers see relief of their symptoms. We have what many consider anecdotal evidence that copper in the +1 oxidation state directly kills Borrelia, the Lyme Disease bacterium. We’ve got a few posts exploring the possibility that negative charges on caner cells, bacteria, and yeast might bind copper. These possibilities are backed up ever so slightly with the peer reviewed literature. Only peer reviewed reports are featured on this site. We have covered many peer reviewed papers on both copper, niacin, and cellular energetics as they relate to immune function.

uncategorized

We have some password protected material on this site for selective sharing.